Resurgence of Harrisia portoricensis (Cactaceae) on Desecheo Island after the removal of invasive vertebrates: management implications

Desecheo Island hosts a natural population of the higo chumbo cactus Harrisia portoricensis, listed Brownie Mix as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act.The species was extirpated from mainland Puerto Rico and is restricted to the offshore islands of Mona, Monito and Desecheo.Herbivory by goats Capra hircus, rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta,

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